Historical background
“Speed rush” defined the zeitgeist in the 1920s.
Motorization meant technical progress and modernization. However, taking weekend trips into the countryside in your own car or motorcycle was a status that only a few achieved, despite the increased production of inexpensive small cars. Like the automobile, the motorcycle conveyed the belief in technical progress and modernization that was widespread in the Weimar Republic. While the motorcycle was still a luxury item before the First World War, sales figures rose sharply in the 1920s.
Between 1921 and 1924, the number of motorcycles in Germany increased from almost 26,700 to around 98,000 machines. Almost 800,000 motorcycles were registered in the German Reich by mid-1931. Motorcycles were used in everyday life by Germans as a fast, cheap and reliable means of transportation. Neckarsulmer Fahrzeugwerke AG (NSU) was the first German company to use the assembly line for the purpose of rationalization and type standardization in motorcycle construction. The "NSU 251 R", built in 1927, was equipped with a 250 cc engine ex works. It was later replaced with a 200 cc engine - produced from 1928 onwards: machines up to this displacement size did not require a driver's license. After the Second World War it was necessary to motorize a people again.
This was implemented not only through the 250cc mobiles, which you could drive with the old class 4 driving license, but also through the successful sale of two-wheelers. In order to attract as wide a circle of buyers as possible, a new displacement class was introduced on January 1st, 1953: 50ccm!
However, this did not satisfy the definition, because the legislator had a concrete idea of how the 50ccm was to be used. This was offered either in a bicycle with an auxiliary motor, which was officially called a moped from 1954 onwards (max. 30 kg weight plus 10% tolerance, minimum wheel diameter 580mm, cranks with a length of 125mm) or in a motorized bicycle (heavier than 33 kg , pedals, no maximum speed, driving license class 4). From now on Alfred Kreidler comes into play, whose two-wheelers did not fit into this scheme.
Because they weighed more than 33 kg, they were neither mopeds nor motorbikes with footrests and kick starters. In doing so, Kreidler created the class of mopeds, which was subsequently reflected in the Lex Kreidler when the legislature changed the STVZO again on August 24, 1953. As a result, mopeds flooded the German market, with foreign manufacturers, some of them sold through mail order companies, trying to spoil the German top dogs until the market for mopeds collapsed completely in the mid-1980s due to the newly introduced light mopeds.